Biology laboratories play a crucial role in advancing research and development, helping scientists better understand biological processes and translate discoveries into solutions that improve human health and wellbeing. Whether you're building a wet lab focused on biotechnology, biopharmaceutical research, or molecular biology, having the right equipment is essential for running experiments and conducting research.

Setting up a new lab requires a diverse range of tools, from microscopes and centrifuges to advanced instruments like flow cytometers and next-generation sequencers. In addition to specialized, high-tech instruments, there are also general laboratory equipment and supplies that every biology lab needs.

In this guide, we’ll explore the key equipment required to open a biology lab, covering both specialized instruments and essential general supplies to help you set up a functional and efficient lab environment.

Key Instruments & Systems

To run a successful biology lab, you’ll need a variety of specialized instruments for analyzing biological samples and conducting experiments. Below are some of the most critical pieces of equipment you’ll need:

• Fluorescence Microscope: A fluorescence microscope allows scientists to view fluorescent dyes or proteins at the cellular and subcellular levels. Unlike traditional optical microscopes, fluorescence microscopes use light sources that emit specific wavelengths to excite the fluorophores in a sample, resulting in a highly detailed image. These microscopes are commonly used for studying cellular structures and molecular interactions. Estimated Price: $10,000 – $100,000
• Analytical Lab Balance: Analytical lab balances are used to weigh small samples with high precision, typically between 0.01 mg and 500 mg. These balances are crucial for preparing accurate solutions and measuring minute quantities of substances. They are commonly enclosed in glass to prevent dust or airflow from affecting the measurements. Estimated Price: $1,500 – $10,000
• Centrifuge: Centrifuges separate particles from a solution based on density by spinning the samples at high speeds. This process is essential for isolating components such as blood plasma, cells, or proteins. Centrifuges are widely used in biological research, molecular biology, and diagnostics. Estimated Price: $1,000 – $20,000
• Microplate Reader: Microplate readers are used to analyze samples contained in microtiter plates, allowing researchers to test multiple samples simultaneously. They are commonly used in absorbance, fluorescence, and luminescence assays, making them a vital tool in molecular biology and high-throughput screening. Estimated Price: $5,000 – $50,000
• Flow Cytometer: A flow cytometer is used to detect and measure the physical and chemical properties of cells in a fluid stream. It enables scientists to sort cells, count them, and analyze cell surface markers and intracellular molecules. Flow cytometry is essential for applications such as immunophenotyping, cell signaling, and cell imaging. Estimated Price: $50,000 – $300,000
• Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technology: NGS allows researchers to rapidly sequence DNA and RNA. They have revolutionized genomics by enabling the sequencing of an entire genome in a single day. NGS is widely used in genetic research, disease studies, and biomarker discovery. Estimated Price: $100,000 – $1,000,000
• PCR Machine: A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) machine is used to amplify DNA sequences. It is a cornerstone of molecular biology, allowing researchers to replicate DNA in high quantities for analysis. PCR is used for diagnostics, genetic research, forensics, and more. Estimated Price: $5,000 – $30,000
• Gel Electrophoresis System: Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on size and charge. This technique is widely used in molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry to analyze genetic material and protein expression. Estimated Price: $1,000 – $10,000
• Ultra-Low Temperature Freezer: An ultra-low temperature (ULT) freezer is used to store biological materials, such as bacteria, viruses, and cells, at temperatures ranging from -45°C to -150°C. These freezers are essential for preserving samples until they are ready for analysis. Estimated Price: $10,000 – $50,000
• CO₂ Incubator: A CO₂ incubator provides a controlled environment for growing cell cultures by regulating temperature, humidity, and gas levels. These incubators are essential for maintaining the growth conditions needed for biological research and biopharmaceutical development. Estimated Price: $5,000 – $25,000

General Biology Lab Equipment

In addition to specialized instruments, every biology lab needs a variety of general equipment to support daily operations and ensure experiments run smoothly. Below are some of the most common pieces of general lab equipment you’ll need:

• Fume Hoods: Fume hoods are ventilation devices that protect lab personnel by drawing harmful gases, vapors, and fumes away from the workspace. They are essential for working with chemicals or biological agents that produce hazardous emissions. Estimated Price: $2,000 – $15,000
• Biosafety Cabinets: Biosafety cabinets are designed to provide a sterile working environment while protecting lab personnel from exposure to biohazards. These cabinets are often used for handling infectious materials or working with cell cultures. Estimated Price: $5,000 – $30,000
• Lab Shakers & Vortexers: Lab shakers and vortexers are used to mix samples in containers, such as test tubes or flasks. They are critical for ensuring uniform mixing of liquids, making them indispensable for many biological experiments. Estimated Price: $500 – $5,000
• Autoclaves: Autoclaves use steam and pressure to sterilize lab instruments and equipment. They are essential for maintaining a contamination-free lab environment, particularly when working with biological samples or reagents. Estimated Price: $3,000 – $50,000
• Lab Water Baths: Water baths are used to maintain a constant temperature for biological samples during incubation. They are commonly used in molecular biology and biochemistry experiments. Estimated Price: $500 – $5,000
• Lab Ovens: Lab ovens are used to dry and sterilize glassware, samples, and reagents. They are also used for evaporating solvents in chemical reactions. Estimated Price: $1,000 – $10,000
• Coverslipper: A coverslipper automatically applies coverslips to microscope slides, preserving and protecting samples for examination. This equipment is essential for labs that regularly process large numbers of slides for microscopy. Estimated Price: $10,000 – $30,000
• Microplate Sealer: Microplate sealers provide airtight seals for microplates, preventing contamination and evaporation. This is crucial for high-throughput assays and sensitive experiments involving biological samples. Estimated Price: $5,000 – $20,000

Essential Biology Lab Supplies

Every biology lab needs a wide variety of smaller supplies to ensure smooth operations and successful experiments. These essential supplies are used daily and are critical to keeping the lab running efficiently.

• Erlenmeyer Flasks: Erlenmeyer flasks are used for mixing and heating solutions. Their narrow necks help prevent splashes during mixing, making them ideal for biological experiments. Estimated Price: $5 – $50 per flask.
• Test Tubes: Test tubes hold small amounts of liquid and are used for handling, heating, and storing samples during experiments. They are a staple in any lab setting. Estimated Price: $10 – $100 per pack.
• Petri Dishes: Petri dishes are used to culture microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They are essential for microbiological experiments, including growing cell cultures. Estimated Price: $10 – $50 per pack.
• Pipettes & Pipette Tips: Pipettes are used to transfer precise amounts of liquid from one container to another, and pipette tips ensure accuracy and sterility in liquid handling. Estimated Price: $100 – $1,000 (for pipettes and tips).
• Microscope Slides & Cover Slips: Microscope slides hold samples for examination under a microscope, while cover slips protect the sample and improve image clarity. Estimated Price: $5 – $50 per pack.
• Graduated Cylinders: Graduated cylinders are used to accurately measure liquid volumes, which is essential for preparing solutions in biology labs. Estimated Price: $10 – $50 per cylinder.
• Lab Coats, Gloves, & Goggles: Personal protective equipment (PPE) like lab coats, gloves, and goggles is vital for ensuring the safety of lab personnel when handling chemicals or biological samples. Estimated Price: $20 – $100 per item.

How Much Does it Cost to Open a Biology Lab?

Opening a biology lab can require a substantial financial investment, with costs varying based on the type of lab, location, and specific equipment and supplies needed. Below is a breakdown of the primary expenses involved in setting up a new biology lab.

• Equipment Costs: The cost of equipment for a biology lab can range from $50,000 to several million dollars, depending on the scale of the lab and the instruments required. High-end tools such as next-generation sequencers or flow cytometers come with a significant price tag, while essential items like microscopes, centrifuges, and water baths are more affordable. Proper budgeting for both advanced and basic equipment is crucial for running an effective lab.
• Lab Space & Facility Costs: The cost of renting or purchasing lab space will depend on the location and size of the facility. Labs in major cities are typically more expensive than those in less urban areas. Additionally, you’ll need to consider the cost of utilities (electricity, water, gas), as well as the installation of ventilation systems, safety measures, and laboratory infrastructure to meet the needs of your research.
• Consumables & Supplies: Besides equipment, every lab requires a steady supply of consumables, including glassware, reagents, pipette tips, petri dishes, and more. These supplies are used regularly, so it's essential to allocate part of your budget to maintaining a constant stock of consumables.
• Staffing & Operational Costs: Hiring skilled staff such as lab technicians, researchers, and administrative personnel is another major expense. Depending on the size and type of lab, staffing costs can make up a significant portion of your overall budget. It’s also important to consider the ongoing operational costs associated with day-to-day lab operations, including maintenance and repair of equipment.
• Total Estimated Costs: Overall, the total cost of setting up a biology lab can range from $200,000 for a small-scale facility to several million dollars for a fully equipped lab with advanced technology. Planning for both initial and ongoing costs is essential to ensure long-term success.

Considerations for Purchasing Biology Lab Equipment

When setting up a biology lab, one of the most important decisions you’ll face is how to acquire the necessary equipment. Whether you choose to buy new, purchase used, or lease your equipment, each option comes with its own advantages and challenges. Here are some key factors to consider:

Buying New Equipment

Purchasing brand-new equipment ensures that you have the latest technology with full manufacturer warranties and support. New equipment typically has a longer lifespan and fewer issues with breakdowns, making it a reliable option. However, buying new equipment requires a significant upfront investment, which can be financially challenging, particularly for smaller labs or startups.

Buying Used Equipment

Buying used equipment is a cost-effective way to equip your lab while keeping upfront costs lower. Used instruments can still deliver reliable performance, but it’s important to carefully vet the equipment and ensure that it is in good working condition. The downside to purchasing used is that warranties are often limited, and you may have to cover repair and maintenance costs sooner than with new equipment.

Leasing Equipment

Leasing equipment offers flexibility and affordability, especially for labs that need access to high-end technology without the large upfront cost. Leasing allows you to spread payments over time, and many leases include maintenance and repair services. This option can also provide the flexibility to upgrade equipment as technology evolves, making it easier to stay current without significant additional expenses. For labs with budget constraints, leasing can be a practical and economical choice.

Best Option for a Biology-Focused Lab?

Opening a biology lab requires careful planning, a solid budget, and access to the right equipment and supplies. From specialized life science instruments like fluorescence microscopes and next-generation sequencers to essential general equipment and lab supplies, having the appropriate tools is key to ensuring your lab runs smoothly and effectively. While buying new equipment may offer the latest technology, the high upfront costs can be a challenge for many labs. Alternatively, buying used equipment can help reduce costs but comes with its own risks. Leasing offers a flexible, cost-effective option, giving you access to high-quality instruments without the financial strain of purchasing them outright.

If you’re looking to optimize your lab’s operations while preserving capital, consider leasing with Excedr. Leasing helps you extend your cash runway, improve cash flow, and hit R&D milestones more efficiently. It also allows you to upgrade your equipment as technology evolves, ensuring that your lab stays ahead of the curve.

Contact us today to learn how our leasing solutions can help you build and maintain a well-equipped biology lab.